Nazari Da Sharhin Littafin AJN Tremearne ‘Hausa Superstitions and Customs’
Daga Dokta Bukar Usman
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AJN Tremearne (1877–1915), wani masanin al’adu da rayuwar al’umma ne kuma tsohon sojan Birtaniya mai ritaya. Ya yi aiki a Najeriya na tsawon shekaru bakwai. Wasu daga cikin littattafan da ya rubuta sun haɗa da: 1-Hausa Superstitions and Customs (Landan, 1913), 2-The Ban on the Bori Demons and Demon Dancing in West and North Africa (Landan, 1914) da kuma 3-Hausa Folk-Tales (Landan, 1914). Ana iya samun su a yanar gizo ta wannan adireshin liƙau:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_John_Newman_Tremearne
Abin lura shi ne, littafin Tremearne mai suna Hausa Superstitions and Customs (Camfe-Camfe Da Al’adun Gargajiyar Hausawa), wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 1913, shekaru biyu kafin rasuwarsa, ya ƙunshi tatsuniyoyi da dama masu kama da wasu tatsuniyoyin da na tattara kuma na wallafa a cikin littafina na Taskar Tatsuniyoyi (Littafi na Ɗaya zuwa na Goma Sha Huɗu a Haɗe: Gidan Dabino Publishers, 2012).
Kamanceceniyar ta kasance ne a fannin jigogi, duk da cewa labarun da takensu sun ɗan bambanta kaɗan. Misali, tatsuniya ta 94 a shafi na 428 a cikin littafinsa, tana da taken Dan-Kuchingaya and The Witch. A yayin da a cikin littafina na Hausa (Littafi na Shida) taken labarin da kuma na littafin shi ne Ɗankutungayya. Haka kuma, tatsuniya ta 86, shafi na 408 a cikin littafin nasa na Hausa Superstitions and Customs mai taken How Auta Killed Dodo, ta bambanta da tawa a cikin Littafi na Uku: Yerima Da Labbi a Taskar Tatsuniyoyi (TT003, 2012, shafi na 141) mai taken Ɗan’auta Da ’Yar Gwaggo.
Kwatancen na uku shi ne dangane da tatsuniya ta 43, shafi na 274, wadda kodayake tana da jigo iri ɗaya amma takenta shi ne The Maids of The City and the Unknown Youth, alhali a wajen nawa, taken shi ne Daskindariɗi, a cikin littafina (Littafi na Goma Sha Uku). Akwai wasu labarai da dama ma da suke da jigogi iri ɗaya.
Hausa Superstitions and Customs, littafi ne mai ƙunshe da shafuka 548. Yana da sassa uku. Sashe na Farko mai taken Folk-lore and Folk-law yana da babi bakwai kuma ya tashi daga shafi na 1 zuwa na 153. Sashe na Biyu mai taken Hausa Tales, Parables and Variants, ya ƙunshi tatsuniyoyi, karin magana da camfe-camfe guda 100, daga shafi na 183 zuwa na 454.
Sashe na Uku ya ƙunshi bayanai kan tatsuniyoyi, tsagen fuska da shaushawa na ƙabilar Hausawa da kuma rawar bori. Ya faro daga shafi na 457 zuwa na 530. Tsagar fuska da shaushawa da aka nuna a cikin littafin, sun kasance na Hausawa ne da suka fito daga wuraren da suka haɗa da Kano, Katsina, Zariya, Bauchi, Zamfara da Sakkwato.
Littafin ya kuma ƙunshi hotunan ayyukan fasahar Hausawa da kayayyakin gargajiya da dama, ciki har da tukwane, kayan adudu, kayan ƙira da saƙa da sauransu. Haka kuma akwai hotunan rawar bori, wadda tun daga lokacin wallafa littafin, a cewar Tremearne, aka haramta ta a hukumance, a duk faɗin Arewacin Najeriya saboda munanan ɗabi’un da ake dangantawa da ita.
An ambaci Tremearne a cikin sashen gabatarwa na littafina na Taskar Tatsuniyoyi (Littafi na Ɗaya Zuwa Na Goma Sha Huɗu a Haɗe: (Gidan Dabino Publishers, 2012, shafi na 30), a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin baƙin Turawa na farko da suka wallafa tatsuniyoyin Hausa tare da F. Edgar da Rudolf Prietze a shekarun 1911, 1910 da 1904.
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Dr. Bukar Usman, tsohon Babban Sakatare a Fadar Shugaban Ƙasa, shi ne Shugaban Ƙungiyar Manazarta Da Kiyaye Fasahar Gargajiya ta Najeriya (Nigerian Folklore Society — NFS) a halin yanzu.
